Unraveling Cleopatra Essay - 2799 Words

Unraveling Cleopatra She took a small boat, and one only of her confidants, Apollodorus, the Sicilian, along with her, and in the dusk of the evening landed near the palace. She was at a loss how to get in undiscovered, till she thought of putting herself into the coverlet of a bed and lying at length, whilst Apollodorus tied up the bedding and carried it on his back through the gates to Caesars apartment. Caesar was first captivated by this proof of Cleopatras bold wit, and was afterwards so overcome by the charm of her society that he made a reconciliation between her and her brother, on the condition that she should rule as his colleague in the kingdom. (The Life of Julius Caesar, Plutarch; translation by Dryden) Abstract†¦show more content†¦The Cleopatra from Fieldings The Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia and Georges The Memoirs of Cleopatra, and a collection of movies including, DeMilles Cleopatra, Mankiewiczs Cleopatra, and ABCs Cleopatra, vary in the extent by which she utilizes her sexuality and intelligence to manipulate Julius Caesar. Fieldings Cleopatra Sarah Fieldings piece, The Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia, published in 1757, describes the vilest and frighteningly manipulative Cleopatra who blatantly utilizes her sexuality to wreak havoc on men to achieve political gains. Fieldings Cleopatra adheres perfectly to the Cleopatra depicted by Roman propaganda. Her Cleopatra is as evil, conniving, and crafty as the Romans accused Cleopatra of. Bound in a feather bed, Apollodorus carries her on his back into the palace. Fieldings piece lacks a vivid description of the unrolling of the carpet and simply states, Caesar, pleased with the ingenuity of the contrivance, and charmed with the air in which I suddenly started up and presented myself in his sight, from that moment became my lover(58). Her confidence grows from the power of her sexuality, as evident in the manner of her self-presentation to Caesar. With assurance she stands with poise for his observation. In the piece, Cleopatra openly admits to her use of men, particularly Julius Caesar and

Margaret Atwood Poems - 1030 Words

Margaret Atwood’s collection of poems, Morning in the Burned House, could just as easily have employed morning’s homonym—mourning—in the title. The overriding theme of loss and some of its sources and consequences—aging, grief, death, depression, and anger—permeate this collection and, in particular, Section IV which is a series of elegiac poems about Atwood’s father. The collection is divided into five sections. Section I opens with the poem â€Å"You Come Back.† This poem seems to look back on a life lived in a blur in which much was missed, as evidenced by the lines: You come back into the room†¨where you’ve been living†¨all along. You say:†¨What’s been going on†¨while I was away?. . .†¨. . .You know it was you†¨who slept, who ate here, though†¦show more content†¦The tone of these sections only softens (and just a bit, at that) in the last poem of Section III, â€Å"A Pink Hotel in California.† This poem leads us into Section IV and a series of elegiac poems about Atwood’s/the speaker’s father. Throughout Section IV, the speaker deals with her feelings of loss: her father’s slipping away into old age and Alzheimer’s and his eventual death. The final poem in Section IV â€Å"The Ottawa River by Night,† segues smoothly into Section V. â€Å"The Ottawa River by Night† begins hinting at the speaker’s sense of mortality, and Section V continues to explore and strengthen that sense. The collection ends with â€Å"Morning in the Burned House,† in which the speaker mourns a life that has slipped by, sometimes barely noticed, and nearing its end: I can’t see my own arms and legs†¨or know if this is a trap or blessing,†¨finding myself back here, where everything†¨in this house has long been over,†¨kettle and mirror, spoon and bowl,†¨including my own body,†¨including the body I had then,†¨including the body I have now†¨as I sit at this morning table, alone and happy, . . . In this way, Atwood circles back to the beginning of the volume and â€Å"You Come Back,† lamenting the tunnel vision we as humans can have while living our lives and mourning the loss of opportunities for awareness, connection, and something more. If the entire collection of 45 poemsShow MoreRelatedMargaret Atwood The Landlady Poem808 Words   |  4 PagesMargaret Atwood’s poem â€Å"The Landlady† is an illustration of isolation on the mind when facing a mental illness. A mental illness, such as depression or anxiety, controls the person from within taking over their lives, just like the Landlady is said to do. The poem represents depression through the characterization of the landlady as being loud, controlling and isolated from freedom. Depression takes over one’s life like the landlady has over her tenants. The poem begins with â€Å"this is the lair ofRead MoreThe Life and Achievements of Margaret Eleanor Atwood Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesMargaret Eleanor Atwood, one of the most acclaimed and idolized writers’ to date. Atwood was born in Ottawa, Ontario, on November 18th, 1939 in the Ottawa General Hospital. Two and a half months after the beginning of the Second World War (Atwood). She is a renowned novelist and poet; furthermore writer of short stories, critical studies, screenplays, radio scripts and books for children (Gale). Margaret Atwood is a living inspiration to many writers today. Atwood is a fiction, and non-fiction writerRead MoreShort Story By Margaret Atwood1031 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Atwood once said, â€Å"I spent much of my childhood in northern Quebec, and often there was no radio, no television - there wasn’t a lot to entertain us. When it rained, I stayed inside reading, writing, drawing.† Born on November 18, 1939, she spent hal f her childhood moving to different places for her father’s study of entomology (insects). She obtained her love of writing through the different experiences that traveling provided as well as the encouragement of her parents. Though she didRead MoreMargaret Atwood s `` Elegy For The Giant Tortoises `` And `` The Moment ``1368 Words   |  6 PagesCanada’s best-known living writers, Margaret Atwood is poet, novelist, essayist, journalist, and environmental activist. Atwood’s works have appeared in a broad range of scholastic material extending from high school anthologies to college university textbooks. Atwood’s works have also been widely translated into numerous different languages and published in more the twenty five countries, adding to her international reputation and popularity. Her work has earned Atwood sixteen honorary degrees and anRead MoreAnalysis Of Oryx And Crake Biography1217 Words   |  5 PagesOryx and Crake Biography Author/Author Background: Personal: Margaret Atwood, the proud writer of numerous award-winning novels including The Blind Assassin, The Tent, or Oryx and Crake, originated in Ottawa, Canada on November 18th, 1939. She pursued writing at a young age and stuck with it. Education: Margaret graduated from Victoria College at the University of Toronto in 1961 and worked toward her master’s degree over the course of the following year. Also, throughout her line of employmentRead MoreJourney - Life of Pi, Journey to the Interior, the Red Tree Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesextend themselves physically, mentally or emotionally as they face challenges. This understanding of mine has been shaped by the novel Life of Pi, written by Yann Martel, ‘Journey to the Interior’, a poem by Margaret Atwood and The Red Tree, a picture book by Shaun Tan. Yann Martel, Margaret Atwood and Shaun Tan use various techniques such as extended metaphors, symbolism, imagery and figurative language to show how journeys lead to self discovery and they are the only way one will find what theyRead MoreBiography of Margaret Atwood Essay example1511 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter that people can relate to with the struggle or experiences. Margaret Atwood the â€Å"Canadia n nationalist poetess is a prominebt figure concerned with the need for a new language to explore relations between subjects and societyâ€Å" (Omid, Pyeaam 1). Atwood wrote her first novel called, â€Å"The Edible Woman†; this first novel categorized her as feminist, based on the main character of a strong woman. In an interview with Emma Brockes, Atwood affirms, First of all, what is feminism? Second, which branchRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Handmaid s Tale1242 Words   |  5 Pagessociety’s citizens, analyzing literature and conceiving beyond the normal possibilities can reveal the corruption in governments and leaders. While analyzing Animal Farm by George Orwell, l Lost My Talk by Rita Joe and The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood it is clear that these works of literature allude to the possibility of corruption, revealing how important justice and equality are to governing societies and to me. Firstly, in George Orwell’s depiction of the events during the time of theRead MoreHoliday by Margaret Atwood Essay examples656 Words   |  3 PagesHoliday by Margaret Atwood Holiday by Margaret Atwood has a simple and familiar subject but the real meaning behind the simple story is hard hitting and in many ways it is a warning. She talks of a holiday and story shows how she is at a barbeque with her family in the countryside. However she interweaves a bleak image of our future within this straightforward story. It starts of with Atwood describing her daughter eating sausages. She uses the words barbarismRead MoreMargaret Atwood : A Social Activist1225 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Atwood: a Social Activist Through Feminist Literature The 1980s signified the continuation of an era of social and political upheaval in the United States of America. At the forefront was a socially conservative agenda that aimed to rescind women’s rights only ratified less than a decade before, a marked display of the nation’s desire to uphold traditional values that defined the preceding generation (Franà §oise). Among the devastating political climate, however, was Margaret Atwood:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Moving Files Free Essays

Although you can store files on off-site servers or use local file transfer protocol to send files, there are several advantages to using email attachments to share files with contacts. Email attachments do not work In every situation, but If you are sending small files (Like pictures,documents or short audio files), there are several reasons why sending email attachments Is advantageous. Ease of use Attaching a file to an email message is a very simple process. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Moving Files or any similar topic only for you Order Now All you need to do is enter the recipient’s email address, compose a short message, and then press the â€Å"attach† button. Then select the file from your computer and press â€Å"K. † If the file is large, you may have to wait a few seconds for the file to finish uploading. Then press the â€Å"send† button, and the file will be on its way to its recipient. This process is much simpler than using a complex FTP or off-site server, as it does not require you (or the recipient) to sign up for any services or share links to sites that may or may not be compatible with the recipient’s browser or operating system. However, email attachments are compatible with any system, as long as the recipient has the program necessary to open It. Convenience * Email attachments are also a very convenient solution for transferring small files. While FTP services often require two users to be on the same time, email attachments can be opened anytime, since they are independently stored in the email inbox. Email attachments can also be stored indefinitely and do not have an â€Å"expiration† date, like files stored on an off-site server file uploading service. Security * Most web-based email accounts as well as well as email handling programs have anti-virus software that will scan your attachment for viruses both before it is sent ND after it is received. This will ensure that the files you send are safe and not contaminated with viruses or other malicious software. The security aspect of sending email attachments will also give your recipient(s) piece of mind about downloading your files. DISADVANTAGES: I nerve are many reasons to Aviva Senegal or rearing many Kolas AT attachments sent via email. Lets start with the disadvantages of one particular type of attachment: a Microsoft Word document. It is usually preferable to send plain text in the body of the message or HTML rather than a Word file. See below for how to do that. The sender may be unwittingly revealing confidential information. Many versions of Word have a habit of revealing details about your computer and saving deleted text in a way that the recipient can uncover (e. G. Law firms have ended up revealing damaging information). * Word files can transmit viruses, so they should only be opened if you are expecting the message. * Many people do not have any software they can use to read Word files, and it is often more of a hassle to read a Word file for those that do have such software. Many people avoid the use of Word and other Microsoft rodents because Microsoft has been convicted of illegal anti-competitive behavior and has a bad record on security. * Word files are slow to send and waste space. A typical one page document can be ten times bigger and slower in Word than in web format (HTML) or plain text. Many people have a limited amount of space in their mailboxes. There are some â€Å"free† programs which allow people using some operating systems under many circumstances with many modern computers to read many Word documents. But some other people cannot use these programs even if they wanted to, and it is the clear goal and practice of Microsoft to continue to modify Word and its other programs so that all attempt to be compatible with them will fail. Remember – Microsoft has been convicted in court of Just this sort of monopolistic behavior, and it was sustained upon appeal. Sharing Files Attaching a file to email is a common and familiar way of sharing a file with others, but email was never designed as a way to transfer files. In fact today’s large files can overwhelm a mail server. Fortunately there are many other ways to share files, most of them Just as easy as sending an attachment. Most of them offer other advantages over email as well. Different Ways to Share Files The â€Å"right† way to share a file will depend on the situation, so it is a good idea to know your options. A few relevant questions are: * Are all the people who need to see the file SC members? * Is it important that other people not see the file? * How often will you be sharing files with these people? * Do they need to make changes and then share them with you? * What kind of Internet connection, software, etc. O your intended recipients have? Public Network Space All files on the Y: drive are accessible to any SC member, so one quick way to share files is to put them on the Y: drive. Just make yourself a folder (give it your name so it’s easy to tell who it belongs to), put the files in it, and tell the others where they can get it. Advantages of this method: * It’s v ery quick and easy. * Winston allows SC members to log in remotely and access the Y: drive. Disadvantages of this method: * Any SC member can view files on the Y: drive, and in theory they could delete or modify them. Files on Y: are automatically deleted after 30 days. Only s c memoirs can access ten Y: Arleen. * Remote users must be able to log in to the SC network to view the file. Shared Network Space Linux and Windows have the ability to define groups which can share files on the network. A group can have a central location where shared files are stored–here at the SC we call these project directories. Windows project directories are stored on the X: drive, while Linux project directories are stored under [project, available from Windows as the V: drive. If you need to repeatedly share files with the same people, setting up a group is a very easy way to do it. If you need to have a group created or would like a shared directory for your group, please contact the Help Desk. Advantages of this method: You control who can view the file (by specifying who is in your group). * They can change the file and easily make the changes available to you. * The file is backed up regularly. * Winston allows SC members to log in remotely so they can access shared files. * Only SC members can be part off group on our network. Remote users must be able to log in to the SC network to view the file. * You will need to contact the Help Desk to have people added to or removed from your group. The Web You can make any file available on the Sac’s web server. All SC users can set up a web site, and it’s not as difficult as it may sound. Take a look at Publishing a Web Site on the Sac’s Web Server. If the file should not be available to t he general public it is possible to password-protect a web page so that only people with a user name and password you provide can view it. Please see Limiting Access to a Web Page for instruction on setting it up. You can put the file on the web server as is, or in some cases (a Word document for example) you can convert it to an actual web page so no software is needed to view it other than a web browser. Advantages of this method: * The file is available to anyone with Internet access, regardless of location or SC affiliation. * If you password protect the file, you control who can view it by giving them the user name and password. * If you convert the file too web page, the recipient does not need to have the same software you do in order to view it. Unless you password protect the file anyone can access it. * Web passwords are sent in plain text and there is a small chance someone could intercept it–this method is not secure enough for sensitive data. * Users cannot change the file and make the changes available to you. CD The SC has CD burners available in 2470, 3218, and 4218 Social Science. If you deed to share a large file or a large number of files, you can burn them onto a CD and then distribute the files by distributing the CD, by mail if necessary. This is also an excellent way to take files with you when you change locations. How to cite Advantages and Disadvantages of Moving Files, Papers

Mexican Mafia free essay sample

Examines prison gangs recruitment, illegal activities, code of conduct, leadership hierarchy, communications system. The Mexican Mafia, or La EME (the Spanish phonetic for the letter M), is one of the oldest gangs in the United States, originating in 1957 when several east Los Angeles inmates from the barrio formed the gang of gangs. Once a protection group for gang members, the Mafia expanded to include extortion, gambling and homosexual prostitution. As a result, many of the drug-dealing Chicano gang members wind up in prison, where the barrio economy becomes a prison economy: it turns on a sophisticated matrix of barter activity. This paper will focus exclusively on the Mexican Mafia and will use statistics where available. As with any illegal organization, few are willing to talk; even fewer are willing to give names. However, the Mafia is run not unlike any legal, nationwide corporation with constitutions, recruiting, marketing, personnel hierarchies and

How Social, Historical and Spatial Constructions of Childhood free essay sample

Examine how social, historical and spatial constructions of childhood and or youth inform the design, practices and values of a selected institution of childhood or young people. Childhood is not a biological state, unlike infancy (Postman) it is a construction placed upon a group of humans by society (James and Prout). Differing societies have different views of what a child is and should be. The ideas surrounding children and childhood not only differ within different societies there are also historical differences in the constructs of children (Postman) as if we look throughout history it is suggested that children are a modern day construct (Postman). Aries (1962) suggests that even as early as the late seventeeth century, when childhood seemed to appear there was not a universal experience for all individuals who were of childhood age (Aries 1962). The practice of recognising children was a ‘social and economic construct, first recognised by the middle and upper classes’ (Aries 1962). We will write a custom essay sample on How Social, Historical and Spatial Constructions of Childhood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This thought is also adopted by Matthews and Limb (date) when discussing children in modern times, they suggest that although Valentine (date) suggests that children are innocent, vulnerable and dependant on both their parents and the state in order for them to engage in a happy carefree time with lack of responsibility (valentine), this is not the case for all children (Matthews and Limb). According to Matthews and Limb there are many factors that inhibit the possibility of a universal experience of childhood, including; poverty, ill health, class and gender to name but a few (Matthews and Limb). Children and childhood are loosely used terms in which Matthews and Limb (date) suggest are umbrella concepts that are used to group together a sub culture within society (Matthews and Limb). They go on to suggest that grouping together this group and labelling them as children is similar to concept of grouping together disabled people within society, as they are also considered to be as inferior to a fully abled adult (Matthews and Limb). This concept that childhood is set aside from society in the same way as having a disability is challenged by Valentine as they suggest that lthough children are set aside from the adult world this is temporary (Valentine) unlike having a disability. Not only do adults place historical and societal constructs onto children there is also the process of projecting spatial constructions onto them aswell. Soja (date) refers to how we place spatiality constructions, he suggests that in order to understand any society, culture or any group of people historically and socially as this gives the best informative knowledge of the group (Soja). As mentioned previously this has been done since the twentieth century when Aries looked at when childhood, as a concept had emerged (Aries 1962). However in recent years it has been suggested that using this dialectic in order to understand a community is not enough (Soja) and that there has to be a third notion (Soja). Soja suggests that although historical and social imaginations of a community give a good insight to what a society is this dialectic is not enough when you want to have a full understanding of how a community behave (Soja). He suggests that the spaces in which people occupy (spatiality) should be adopted with the same importance and a trialectic approach should be adopted (Soja). Studying one aspect of the trialectic is no more insightful than another and all should be treated as equal when trying to gain knowledge (Soja). It is only when ‘the three terms and the complex relationships between them [are] studied together as fundamental and interwined knowledge sources’(Soja date:262) can a researcher fully understand what the world or a community is all about. You have to have knowledge about the community historically and socially but just as important is knowing and understanding what it is like to live in the space in order to understand (Soja). Soja takes this a step further when he suggests that there should be another trialectic within spaciallity (Soja). When looking within spaciallity you should also look to see in which way the space has been When we look at the immaturity that we place upon children this is links to biological facts of life (James and Prout), however the way in which these immaturities are understood is down to cultural and societal views.

Store and retrieve information Essay Essay Example

Store and retrieve information Essay Essay Example Store and retrieve information Essay Essay Store and retrieve information Essay Essay 1. 1 Describe systems and processs for hive awaying and recovering information ( Planned: 0. Completed:0 ) A system and process that is used in Dass canvassers is called quilllenium. which is a database that is used to hive away clientele information. Another system would be Archive 2000 which is used to hive away client file and paperss. from references to instance information. 1. 2 Outline legal and organizational demands for information security and keeping. The organizational demands are as follows ; See the intent or intents you hold the information for in make up ones minding whether ( and for how long ) to retain it. firmly delete information that is no longer needed for this intent or these intents. update. archive or firmly delete information if it goes out of day of the month. reexamine the length of clip you keep personal informations. 1. 3 Explain how to make registering systems to ease information designation and retrieval. Making file systems for make fulling client information is done by utilizing an archive system called quillenium. references are recorded. fees are recorded and instance informations and other of import client information is recorded utilizing quill. 1. 4 Explain how to utilize different hunt techniques to turn up and recover information. While utilizing quill you can seek for different files by seeking for the file figure. the client’s name and the fee earners name. If a papers was losing and it needed recovering so I would seek the hub list spreadsheet. and so look in the hub ( cellar ) to recover it. 1. 5 Describe what to make when jobs arise when hive awaying or recovering information. When a job arises I either attempt to repair the job myself if I can or reach my floor supervisor for his or her aid as they would cognize precisely what to make. 2. 1 Gather the information required within the in agreement timescale. When garnering information I look on the company’s database to happen clientele information. 2. 2 Shop files and booklets in conformity with organizational processs. The lone processs for hive awaying booklets and files are either in order of day of the month and graduated table or alphabetical order. 2. 3 Store information in sanctioned locations.There are three location where files and paperss are stored these are the hub. station room. 2. 4 Adhere to organisational policies and processs. legal and ethical demands. Organizational policies and processs consist of recognise alterations in fortunes quickly and adjust programs and activities consequently. present information clearly. briefly. accurately and in ways that promote understanding. do clip available to back up others give feedback to others to assist them keep and better their public presentation comply with. and guarantee others comply with. legal demands. industry ordinances. organizational policies and professional codifications watch out for possible hazards and jeopardies say no to unreasonable petitions identify and raise ethical concerns. do appropriate information and cognition available quickly to those who need it and hold a right to it. promote others to portion information and cognition within the restraints of confidentiality. recognize stakeholders’ demands and involvements and pull off these efficaciously. take and implement hard and/or unpopular determinations. if necessary 3. 1 Confirm information to be retrieved and its intended usage. To corroborate that I am allowed to recover information I have to advise the fee earner in inquiry. so notify the floor supervisor. 3. 2 Retrieve the needed information within the in agreement timescale. To recover a file all I would necessitate to make would entree the comptrollers shop room.

Data mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Data mining - Essay Example Automated prospective analysis provided by the data mining techniques, as will be discussed below, go beyond the simple analysis of past records as availed by the retrospective tools used in decision support systems (DSS). These techniques of data mining were fundamentally as a result of the predominant long processes of research and product developments, with the first pressing need as to help in business data collection, storage and retrieval. Considering every aspects of data mining, the commonly used techniques are: Artificial neural networks Biclustering PageRank Genetic algorithms Nearest neighbor methods Rule indications. A) Data Mining Classification over large database 1. The kNN: k-nearest neighbor classification This algorithm is works by memorizing the entire training data and performing classification on conditions that the attributes of the test object matches either of the training samples accurately. The kNN seeks a collection of k objects within the training set whic h closely associates with test object, and based the assignment of an indication on the predominance of any particular class in its neighborhood. The key factors in this algorithms include the distance or similarity metric to compute distance that exist between objects; a set of the labeled objects; and the number of nearest neighbor (value of k). Advantages It is simple and easy to understand It is easy to implement its classification techniques. It can also perform so well in varied situations, hence its maximum usability. It is known for its suitability for multi-modal classes and applications in which an object is able to have a number of class labels. Disadvantages The choice of k is a limiting factor. If it (k) is too small, the result would be very sensitive to noise points. While if k is too large, the neighborhood is likely to comprise of a large number of points even from other classes. This test limits the numbers of tests records to be classified since it is true that su ch test records will not in most instances match any of the training records to the latter as recommended. The approach of combining the class labels is also considered as very complicated. 2. Page Rank This is classified as a search ranking algorithm that uses hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Page Rank techniques produce static rankings of the Web pages in a manner that Page Rank value is accurately computed for each and every page that is off-line without depending on the search queries; but rather on the democratic nature of the World Wide Web through the use of its wide link architecture as an indicator of any individual page quality. It is worth noting that these features have helped in the success of the famous Google search engine. Advantages It is quite dependable as its outputs are always accurate and precise. It is simple and efficient to use once one has the knowledge and skills of its usability principle. Disadvantages Database search outcomes are based on literal (keyw ords, Meta data, and tags) items rather than on their actual meanings. Poor ranking of Web pages in different topological Web structures. I.e. in Google’s ranking algorithm. Less page ranks and too much time taken to list and gain high ranks for the new pages. Subsequent quotation of inaccurate information on different web pages may lead to indexing of such inaccurate pages, hence resulting to a mess of fiction. 3. Naive Bayes Advantages It is

Teaching elementary students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teaching elementary students - Essay Example At this period children develop effectively writing and drawing skills. The cognitive development characteristics are active information gathering, learning skills, mastering abstract thinking. At this period of life children master verbal skills. They long to become competent that’s why they are prone to ask many questions which are mostly fact-oriented. Communication needs are usually satisfied in social groups or interest clubs. Elementary students are able to handle abstract ideas, think generally of concrete objects, devise memory strategies, and evaluate behavior. Their attention is selective. The emotional development of elementary students is marked by acquiring independence and self-confidence. It’s a stage when self-concept and self-awareness are developing. It’s a stage when a personality traits are more outlined and which can be changed or preserved for the rest of the life depending on many factors. At this stage of development an active social participation starts. A person learns to achieve and compete, feels strong group identity. The need for interaction is satisfied through working and playing with others. The sex identity is determined and a child imitates the same sex adult. Constructivism regards learning as a construction of reality through our experiences. People generate ‘mental models’ to ‘shape’ experience and further acquire new ones. So, successful teaching practices should take into account the mental models which students use to perceive the world. Constructivists regard learning as a search for meaning, not memorizing of the ready answers. Constructivism suggests to customize curricula according to students needs, thus eliminating a standardized curriculum as well as grades and standardized testing. The students are encouraged to analyze and interpret information. They also play a vital role in the assessment of their progress. In Piaget developmental theory learning is also based

Preparation of Nylon-6 from petroleum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Preparation of Nylon-6 from petroleum - Essay Example DuPont continued with his research and in 1941 pioneered the first moldable polyamide grade. However, in 1938 a German P. Schlack at IG Farbenindustrie produced another commercially important nylon 6 through caprolactam and its subsequent patenting being done in 1941 (Brown, Foote, and Iverson 2011, p.6). The market for nylon-6 has since then grown and is used for various purposes worldwide. Nylon 6 is the most popular type of nylon in use and accounts for more than 50% of the global market (Brown, Foote, and Iverson 2011, p.9). The nylon falls under the thermoplastic family and has several properties that make it different from other types of polyamide. The properties of nylon 6 include the fact that it is tough, with high tensile strength. This implies that it does not break easily due to the bonding between each molecule resulting from the polymerization process. Secondly, nylon 6 does not wrinkle. It is also highly resistant to abrasive effects, such as alkalis and chemicals. This implies that it does not tear easily when such chemicals get into contact with the material. The product is also capable of absorbing water of up to 2.4%, which in most cases reduces its tensile strength (Brown, Foote, and Iverson 2011, p.9). In addition, nylon 6 is highly elastic and has the capacity of being used as a technical nutrient. Moreover, it is a semicrystalline polyamide. Nexant (2009, p.1) notes that nylon 6 is used extensively particularly in the automotive, industrial, consumer, as well as in electrical and electronic industries. However, its use has grown particularly in the automotive industry. This is attributed to the fact that there has been a trend towards preference of plastic material to metals as weight and cost reduction strategies. In addition, the use of nylon in the automotive industry has been seen as a means of reducing vehicle emissions that pollute that environment. Market outlook shows varying

A history of refugees

A history of refugees According to the United Nations, a refugee is a person who flees their home country due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. From ancient to recent times, from poor areas to developed countries, refugees could be seen almost everywhere. Nowadays, although the global economy has been developing very fast, the problem of refugee still exits. With the old issues remain unsolved, the new ones also emerging, the situation of refugees did not improve a lot much. The number of refugees has kept raising and their geographical distribution has kept widening, how to find the solution to refugee problems has become a cross-century challenge for the whole world. Poverty is one of the fatal roots of the refugee problem. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), in their report on the global food and agricultural situation, points out that there are still 13% of the human species on earth (about 800 million) are still starving. And the phenomenon is most serious in the African continent there were about 400 million people lack of food or clothes; Asia following Africa sees the less worst situation there are about 300 million people are still suffering from hunger all day long; And the population in Latin America who live under the poverty line reach the number of 70 million. We notice that, the number of refugees in each continent refers to a considerable proportion of the number of people suffer from starvation. The latest United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) statistics shows that there are more than 2100 million refugees in total worldwide, of which 8.44 million in Asia, 5.33 million in Africa, 1.04 million in North Ame rica, 570 thousand in Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe is home for 564 thousand refugees among whom mostly come from Africa, Asia and Latin America. In recent years, our whole world sees the continuous development of science and technology along with the global economy. However, food shortage is still a very fatal and serious problem. In a report released by Food and Agricultural Organization in March, it demonstrated that due to continuous natural disasters, there are now 60 million people living in 33 different countries are facing various degrees of food insecurity problems. The report, entitled Shortage of Food and Crops, said that some African area in the south of sub-Saharan region is facing the most serious food deficit 16 countries in that area are in extreme food shortage. In East Africa, although the situation of the year-long drought has been improved last year, yet 18 million people live in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Sudan and Tanzania still need the international community to continue to provide emergency food aid. In Mozambique and other southern African countries, the recent outbreak of floods caused severe damage to crops, and these countries also need access to food aid too. Many countries in Asia are also troubled by the shortage of food. Serious food crisis has begun in Afghanistan due to continuing civil war and drought. East and Central Asia countries such as Armenia, Georgia and Tajikistan are also in the need of food aid due to the droughts happened in their domestics. Food shortages directly threaten the lives of local residents, in order to survive, the population in poor area was forced to leave their homes and become refugees of no fixed abodes. Another reason for refugee problems are very difficult to solve is the deteriorating economic situation and the over grown population in some certain countries. Lets take the case of Africa for instance. In recent years, with the African political situation is easing and the economic situation began to improve, people seem to think that everything is going to be OK. However, there are still many countries out there lack of funds for development and many countries are carrying very heavy debt. According to international organizations latest statistics, the total external debt of the entire Africa reached 360 billion US dollars. It is more than 24 times of what it was 30 years ago. Heavy debt, on the one hand, brings deathly heavy burden to the African countries, and also seriously hampered Africas economic and social development strategies. Africas share in international trade continue to decline, till now they only have 2% while the foreign direct investment put in the whole Africa c ontinent every year is only 1.5% of total international investment. Relatively backward economic conditions lead to the fact that the proportion of poor people in Africa is far more than that in other continents. Africas population accounts for over 12% of the total population of the whole world, yet, Africas GDP is only about 2% of that of the globe. Africa now has a population of about 700 million; the average annual population growth rate is 3%, with the growth in agriculture only goes to 2.5% per year. In some countries, there might be even negative growth in agriculture. There cant be enough food grown to feed the fast increasing population. Too fast growth of population has also caused a shortage or even depletion of natural resources in some parts of Africa. According to researches, every year in Africa, more than 4 million hectares of forests are destroyed. There are severe desertification in many areas which leads to abnormal climate change, floods, droughts and pests. Human destruction contributed a lot in creating this vicious cycle. The ecological environment in many African countries is deteriorating, many places are no longer suitable for living, and the former local residents were forced to leave and find other places to live. Besides, race, religious conflicts and territorial disputes caused intensification of the conflict and wars could be counted as another reason for refugees. In the Middle East, Israeli-Palestinian conflict which has last for a century has one worst consequence that it created a ripple of Palestinian refugees and the problem of these refugees even have an influence throughout the whole Middle East region. The wave of refugee formed by this conflict was the biggest and longest one in history. Currently, among the 21 million refugees worldwide, the Palestinian refugees make up the biggest part with a number of 3.5 million in total. From the emergence of the first generation of Palestinian refugees till now, the problem of them has continued for over 50 years and we could not even clearly see the hope to solve it. The problem of Palestinian refugees has become a big obstacle to remaining peace between Israel and Pakistan. Balkans refugee problems caused by the ethnic conflicts are quite bad too. Since the broke up of the civil war in the early nineties in the 20th century, the number of refuges in the Balkans has reached millions, of which women and children are the majority. In March, ethnic Albanians extremists had a large-scale armed conflict with the government forces; it caused another new refugee flow in Macedonia. The long-lasting civil war in Afghanistan make more than 7 million refugees ran away to Iran and Pakistan. In South Africa, the largest number of refugees could be found in Angola and Mozambique. These two countries recent 20 years were occupied by civil war or natural disasters, millions of people become displaced refugees. In Central Africa, because of the armed tribal conflict between Rwanda and Burundi, more than 2 million refugees fled to eastern Congo (DRC) region, and led to the conflict between Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, as well as Burundi and Uganda. It once caused the refugee c risis. The situation of refugees in eastern Africa is also increasingly worse: the war between Eritrea and Ethiopia lasts for over 10 years forced thousands of refugees flew to other countries; The Sudans civil war which nearly lasts for 50 years, forced large number of refugees fled to Ethiopia, bar Doyle, Central Africa and Kenya to survive; Now, in Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Colombia and other countries, bloody conflicts and terrorist activities are still forcing local residents to flee their homes and become homeless refugees. Natural disasters are also important reasons contributed to the refugee problem which we cannot ignore. According to materials released by international organizations, that the average death caused by natural disasters every year is 1.44 million, 57 thousand injured and 5 million homeless. Severe famine caused by natural disasters kills at least 73.6 thousand every year. In the past decade, various types of natural disasters caused the loss of 608 billion U.S. dollars in total and millions of refugees left their home and become wandering. Refugees not only bring problems to developing countries, but also bring burdens to developed countries. Large numbers of people move from developing countries to developed countries every year and among them, there are a lot of illegal immigrants who just becomes the economic refugees. Their existence with uncertainty of safety and economical support lead to social problems in developing countries. After World War II, to deal with the refugee issue left in Europe by the war, the international community set up a temporary agency in Geneva to solve the European refugee problem in the year 1951. It was responsible for the specific work of resettlement of the refugees. Later on, with the increasing number of refugees all over the world, this agencys scope also expanded and finally become the current United Nations Higher Commission of Refugees (UNHCR). UNHCR is funded mainly by contributions from the international community, 2% of the annual budget allocation by the United Nations, and the remaining 98% of pledges by countries. The annual budget of the UNHCR in the early ninetieth in the 20th century was 120 million and that in the year 2002 was 78 million U.S dollars. The current agent of UNHCR, former Prime Minister of Netherland Ruud Lubbers holds the opinion that to solve the refugee problem, the budget every year should at least be more than 110 million dollars. Resettlement work is a systematic project, in addition to rescue. At present, there are three major and general solutions to the refugee problems: voluntary repatriation; local integration and third- country resettlement. After the United Nations Higher Commission of Refugees was founded, the scope of its assistance activities continued to change: European refugees in the 1950s; focus move on to Africa in 1960-1970s; in the late 1970s, serious refugee problems have been all over Asia, Africa, and Latin American continents, the total number of refugees grow over 10 million; After the cold war in the late 1990s, ethnic conflicts and religious conflicts have become increasingly prominent in some parts of the world. Conflicts, civil wars and political instabilities led to large-scale influx of refugees. United Nations statistics show that in the last ten years in the 20th century, the number of refugees in the world increased by a variety of more than 7 million, from 15 million in 1990 to 22 million in the early of the year 2000. Among them, the worlds total number of refugee in 1991 was 17 million while this data became 23 million in 1993 and later in 1995 to a record 27 million. World Refugee Day occurs on June 20. The day was created in 2000 by a special United Nations General Assembly Resolution. June 20 had previously been commemorated as African Refugee Day in a number of African countries. In the United Kingdom World Refugee Day is celebrated as part of Refugee Week. Refugee Week is a nationwide festival designed to promote understanding and to celebrate the cultural contributions of refugees, and features many events such as music, dance and theatre. History tells us that the refugee problem is threatening our step of development in secure and peace. There are so many complicated reasons that cause the problem of refugee and there is no simple solution to it. Human beings must face the fact that we have these problems all around and work out ways to effectively eliminate this piece of dark shadow that has always been on our planet.

What Ethical Responsibility Does the United States Have to Provide Heal

The subject of illegal immigration coupled with the concern of the growing number of illegal immigrants in the United States has been a long standing national debate. A single finite definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigrant† has proven difficult to specify. For the purposes of this paper, I will use the term â€Å"undocumented immigrant† defined as an individual who has â€Å"entered the United States illegally or violated the terms of their residency status† (Chan, Scott, Krishel, Bramwell, and Clark, 2006). Over the years there has been a growing debate as to whether or not the United States should provide health care services to undocumented immigrants. Those siding against providing health care services for undocumented immigrants deem that those individuals which reside in the United Stated illegally have no right to be in the country; therefore they should not have a rightful claim to health care benefits. Those on the opposing side arguing for the proposition of providing healthcare services to these undocumented individuals consider that access to health care is a basic human right; therefore the United States cannot ethically deny undocumented immigrants health care services. The question at large is what ethical responsibility does the United States have to provide health care to undocumented immigrants, if any? Case Study Human Migration is not uncommon and dates back to the beginning of human existence. Over the years, individuals have migrated for various reasons, most linked to economic, political and natural factors. A number of individuals will depart, or emigrate, from their initial location to another location that promises opportunity or improved economic or social prospects for themselves or... ...earson. Mohanty, S. A., Wollhandler, S., Himmelstein, D. U., Pati, S., Carrasquillo, O., & Bor, D. H. (2005). Health care expenditures of immigrants in the United States: A nationally representative analysis. In American Journal of Public Health, 95(8), 1431-1438. Okie, S. (2007). Immigrants and health care: at the intersection of two broken systems. In The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(6), 525-529. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp078113 Rhodes, J. (2005, August). Mentoring immigrant youth. In Mentor: National Mentoring Partnership. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.mentoring.org/downloads/mentoring_1318.pdf Wolf, R. (2008, January 22). Rising health care sosts put focus on illegal immigrants. In USA Today. Retrieved March 6, 2012, from http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2008-01-21-immigrant-healthcare_N.htm What Ethical Responsibility Does the United States Have to Provide Heal The subject of illegal immigration coupled with the concern of the growing number of illegal immigrants in the United States has been a long standing national debate. A single finite definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigrant† has proven difficult to specify. For the purposes of this paper, I will use the term â€Å"undocumented immigrant† defined as an individual who has â€Å"entered the United States illegally or violated the terms of their residency status† (Chan, Scott, Krishel, Bramwell, and Clark, 2006). Over the years there has been a growing debate as to whether or not the United States should provide health care services to undocumented immigrants. Those siding against providing health care services for undocumented immigrants deem that those individuals which reside in the United Stated illegally have no right to be in the country; therefore they should not have a rightful claim to health care benefits. Those on the opposing side arguing for the proposition of providing healthcare services to these undocumented individuals consider that access to health care is a basic human right; therefore the United States cannot ethically deny undocumented immigrants health care services. The question at large is what ethical responsibility does the United States have to provide health care to undocumented immigrants, if any? Case Study Human Migration is not uncommon and dates back to the beginning of human existence. Over the years, individuals have migrated for various reasons, most linked to economic, political and natural factors. A number of individuals will depart, or emigrate, from their initial location to another location that promises opportunity or improved economic or social prospects for themselves or... ...earson. Mohanty, S. A., Wollhandler, S., Himmelstein, D. U., Pati, S., Carrasquillo, O., & Bor, D. H. (2005). Health care expenditures of immigrants in the United States: A nationally representative analysis. In American Journal of Public Health, 95(8), 1431-1438. Okie, S. (2007). Immigrants and health care: at the intersection of two broken systems. In The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(6), 525-529. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp078113 Rhodes, J. (2005, August). Mentoring immigrant youth. In Mentor: National Mentoring Partnership. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.mentoring.org/downloads/mentoring_1318.pdf Wolf, R. (2008, January 22). Rising health care sosts put focus on illegal immigrants. In USA Today. Retrieved March 6, 2012, from http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2008-01-21-immigrant-healthcare_N.htm

Health and Fitness Essay

For many years there has been a debate between which is better for weight control and all around health and fitness, Cardiorespiratory Exercise or Weight Training. Many people tend to focus only on one aspect of the physical wellness. For example women, like myself may focus more on cardiorespiratory and flexibility training more so than Weight training. This is out of fear of injury, or the muscles becoming too bulky. Women tend to want to burn more calories, therefore they focus on exercises’ such as aerobics, walking, swimming, and jogging. Research shows that working out with weights has health benefits beyond simply bulking up one’s muscles and strengthening bones. Studies are finding that more lean muscle mass may allow kidney dialysis patients to live longer, give older people better cognitive function, reduce depression, boost good cholesterol, lessen the swelling and discomfort of lymphedema after breast cancer and help lower the risk of diabetes. Although Weight training has its benefits for variety of reasons; it also has its downside. Weight training promotes short term stiffness of the blood vessels, which could promote High Blood Pressure over time and increase the load on the heart. This would not be good for someone who has a history of Hypertension. A variety of studies have shown that the best way to offset the cardiovascular stress caused by strength training is to combine cardiorespiratory endurance exercise such as a brisk walk, bicycling, or elliptical machine, immediately after a weight training exercise. Regular aerobic exercise causes your lungs to process more oxygen with less effort; your heart to pump more blood with fewer beats; and the blood supply directed to your muscles to increase. As a result, by performing cardiovascular exercises, you are increasing your body’s endurance and efficiency. Miriam Nelson of the American College of Sports Medicine states, â€Å"Ideally, you want a combination of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise and moderate-intensity strength training† Bottom line to all of this research is both Resistance training and Cardiorespiratory exercise is good for the body, if done in the right order. http://www.the-invisible-gym.com/why-is-cardiovascular-training-and-resistance-training-important.html http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/20/AR2007042001772.html

Skechers advert Essays

Skechers advert Essays Skechers advert Paper Skechers advert Paper The Live advert takes up the whole page apart from the border at the bottom with the company name, Schwarzkopf on it. The effect of this is that they want the company name to stand out as well as the product and to be separate from the product.  The Skechers advert takes up the whole page, the effect of this is that they want the whole advert to stand out.  The Live advert is in colour. The advert needs to be in colour so then people would know what the product looks like. If this advert wasnt in colour then nobody would go out and buy it. The advert is in colour because its selling hair colour and the company needs to show us what the colour looks like. The Skechers advert is in colour so you can seethe different colour trainers, also adverts need to be in colour so it can stands out and catch your attention.  In both of the adverts they have shown us a picture of the product that they are selling so we can see what it looks like.  In the Live advert it has pictures of the packaging, so if you want to buy it you know what it looks like.  They havent shown the packaging in the Skechers advert, but the packaging would be a shoebox and you dont need a picture to show it.  The name of the first advert is Live this would imply that the hair colour would make your hair seem alive because it would be really shiny and glossy. The name of the second advert is, Skechers USA this would imply that the company who makes these trainers are from the USA.  Both of the adverts I have chosen tell a story. The live adverts story is two girls in the cinema; one girl has dyed her hair red. There are two boys at the back who are looking at the girls.  The Skechers advert story is a group of friends having fun, smiling and enjoying them selves.  The story of each advert helps promote the product because you want to be like them. You want to be like the girl in the Live advert because the boys are attracted to her.  You want to be like the girl in the Skechers advert because she looks like she is having fun.  The relationship between the two girls in the Live advert is that they are friends. Also the two boys look like they are good friends.  The girl in the Live advert has really shiny hair, she is also wearing a shiny top to make her stand out from everybody else.  Everyone in the Skechers advert are wearing casual clothes, this would mean that the trainers would suit any type of clothes. All the people in Skechers advert seem to be richer, because they are all wearing expensive clothes and trainers.  The people in the Live advert dont seem to be that rich because hair dye is cheaper than trainers are and they are at the cinema, which isnt very expensive.  The characters in the adverts are the people the target audience wants to be like, because they look like they are enjoying them selves.  The Live advert has an advert shown on the television, but selling different hair colours as well as the one on this advert. There are a few adverts that Ive seen selling Skechers trainers, in one of them they have used celebrity endorsement, this means they pay a celebrity to advertise their product. In this case they have used Britney Spears.  I found the Live advert and the Skechers advert in a Bliss magazine.  Both of the adverts fit into this magazine because, they are trying to sell to teenagers so they put the advert in a magazine that teenagers read. Its no point putting the adverts into a gardening magazine because gardeners arent the target audience. The target audience for the Live advert is for teenage girls aged between fifteen and twenty-four.The target audience for the Skechers trainers is for teenage girls aged between thirteen and twenty-nine.  The Live advert is trying to sell us the product using attractive people and romance because the boys are attracted to the girls, so if you get this product then boys would be attracted to you.  In conclusion: I think that the Live advert is good because its got a lot of information in it.  The Skechers advert is good because they look like they are having fun and makes you buy it because you want to have fun. I would buy both of the adverts but if I had to chose one I would chose the Live advert because it persuaded me the most.  I didnt chose the Skechers advert because there are so many trainers on the market to chose from also I didnt think the advert pursued me the most.  I think both of the adverts would appeal to the target audience because it appealed to me, so if its good enough for me its good enough for anyone else.

Definitions Doric Order and Entablature Essay

Definitions Doric Order and Entablature Essay Definitions: Doric Order and Entablature Essay Abacus: the upper part of a column where a horizontal beam rests upon a row of columns. Ashlar masonry: Pre-cut, tooled, and polished square blocks of stone. Architrave: The lowest part of 3 horizontal components of a classical entablature. Capital: Top part of a column about the shaft. Caryatid: A female figure supporting entablature and serving as a column. Chaitya Hall: In Buddhist architecture of India, any site that contains a stupa. Clerestory: The upper most part of a wall or building that is pierced by a window opening to let light in. Corbeled Arch: Masonry constructed over an opening by a series of courses projecting from each side and stepped progressively further inwards until they meet at midpoint. Cornice: The uppermost, projecting portion of an entablature, also the molding of a building or wall. Cuneiform: The system of Mesopotamia writing in which wedge-shaped characters were incised into clay tablets. Doric order: A system of architecture that coordinates columns Engaged column: A column embedded or attached to a wall Entablature: The upper, horizontal part of a classical order supported by columns of architrave, frieze, and cornice. Entasis: Means stretching. It’s the swelling of a classical column as it tapers towards the top and creates an illusion Frieze: Part of the entablature that lies between the architrave and the cornice. Sometimes decorated in sculptural reliefs. Fresco: Water-soluble pigments are applied to fresh or wet plaster. Geomancy: Selecting a building site by determining whether natural features lead the architecture to be in harmony with unforeseen forces. Hypostyle Hall: A large hall featuring a flat roof supported by rows and rows of columns. Ionic order: ionic is characterized by scroll-shaped elements in the capitals, bases supporting columns, and continuous frieze. Mandala: a mystical diagram of the cosmos. Mastaba: Derived

International Insurance Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

International Insurance Law - Assignment Example The fundamentals of insurance law make it applicable to various streams of operations. In the English laws, varied applications of insurance law are considered under the Insurance Act 2015. Section 14(1) of this Act defines insurance law in terms that â€Å"Any rule of law permitting a party to a contract of insurance to avoid the contract on the ground that the utmost good faith has not been observed by the other party is abolished†. Considerably, in this context, it is worth mentioning that the insurance law applicable under the mentioned Act has evolved with time and has been changed as deemed appropriate to the current legislative contexts, having an impact on insurance contracts. In its recent changes, the law commission has been concerned with the applicability of the Act, which now ranges to a more diversified platform of insurance and reinsurance contracts. These reforms have been most visible in relation to the ‘test of materiality of non-disclosure and misrepre sentation’, ‘the way of performance of the duty of good faith’, and ‘the remedies assured in compensation to the breach of the duty of good faith’. These changes have further been speculated to impose significant impacts on the industry operations, ranging to various sectors. Besides imposing effects on the common law approaches, the changes and reforms made in Insurance Act 2015 are also asserted to deliver special focus on Marine Insurance Act (MIA 1906) norms with regard to the stated dimensions.

Focusing on Long term care for the elderly, how have internal markets Essay

Focusing on Long term care for the elderly, how have internal markets changed the organisation and delivery of public services - Essay Example This has in turn led to emergence of new management tactics in the public sector. Public services differ from other services provided by private sector in various ways. Private organizations produce goods and services for sale with an aim of making profit and hence are not available to people who cannot afford them. On the other hand, the aim of the government is to provide the essential services to all citizens especially those who can’t afford. It does not aim at making profit by providing the services (Flynn, 2007). The public services also help the other members of society indirectly due to trickling effect of benefits from those who consume the services such as education. As opposed to private services which are acquired individually depending on affordability, public services are paid collectively through taxes and some can’t be offered in isolation. Some public services though are subject to charges such as leisure facilities, care for the elderly, and some drugs . The people accountable for ensuring the citizens get the services are the politicians who represent the needs of the electorate. The facilities used to provide the services are publicly owned although the government can rent private facilities to be able to provide the services. The government through public sector reforms has been engaging the services of private organizations in order to offer efficient services. There has also been need to provide high quality services and minimise costs therefore, the government employs the management tactics of the private sector to achieve the reforms needed (Hoggett, 1991). The organization and delivery of public services has therefore changed tremendously over time. One of the services affected by these changes is the provision of long term care for the elderly which will be discussed throughout the paper. Public Administration to New Public Management Traditionally, public administration dominated the public sector management. Organizatio n and delivery of services was controlled by the central government through public service employees. The services were funded by revenue collected from taxation, in essence citizens pay for the services indirectly but the provision of the services does not depend on how much individuals contribute as tax; services are offered equally to all. Bureaucratic controls were evident in administration and provision of services. The politicians elected by the people determine what is to be offered to the electorates through the budgetary process. They also determine the bureaux to supply the services as they are selected to lead ministries and make legislations for local authorities on services to carry out (Flynn, 2007). The organization and delivery of care services for the elderly were controlled centrally by the Department of Health through the regional health authorities. The department organized purchasing and provision of care for the elderly and the disabled (Brereton & Vasoodaven, 2010). The public enterprises followed strict procedures regulated by law. The work of the managers of these enterprises was to implement national policies. The management policies were geared towards ensuring trusted workers and development teams who in turn would promote public service values. Customer (citizens) satisfaction would

Waste Control of Medical Supplies in the Health Care Industry Research Paper

Waste Control of Medical Supplies in the Health Care Industry - Research Paper Example Various legal and clinical standards have been set forth in order to manage the disposal of hospital wastes. To some extent, these policies and standards have been relatively effective in managing hospital wastes. Improvements to these standards are still needed in order to ensure that hospital wastes are effectively managed and that risks to the general population in relation to such wastes are minimized. This paper shall discuss the current waste control of medical supplies in the health care industry. It shall also discuss the impact of ineffective waste management on hospitals and on disease management. It shall also consider the different possible improvements which can be made in the waste control and management of healthcare wastes. This paper is being conducted in the hope of establishing an academic and scholarly approach and answer to the topic on healthcare waste control. Discussion Most of the wastes from healthcare facilities can be considered regular solid municipal was te. However, some of these wastes need special attention – these are sharps (needles, razors, scalpels), pathological wastes, infectious wastes, pharmaceutical wastes, biological wastes, and hazardous chemical wastes (Johannessen, et.al., 2000). All in all, these wastes are referred to as special health care wastes. Wastes from isolation wards and microbiological laboratories also require special attention. The rest of the waste from healthcare facilities include packaging, reusable medical equipment, and secondary wastes created by disposal technologies (Johannessen, et.al., 2000). Inappropriate and inadequate management of these products exposes people and the environment to health risks. Various healthcare workers, patients, waste handlers, and the general public are exposed to various health risks from these infectious wastes (most especially, the sharps), chemicals, and other hospital wastes (Johannessen, et.al., 2000). And the exposure to these wastes is often seen with the improper handling by health workers. The WHO (1999) has successfully classified the different types of healthcare wastes and these include: communal waste and special wastes (infectious, anatomic, pharmaceutical, genotoxic, chemical, heavy metals, pressurized containers, and radioactive materials). Communal wastes are all solid wastes which are not infectious, chemical or radioactive. These can specifically include packaging materials and office supplies. These wastes can generally be disposed of in communal landfills or similar arrangements (WHO, 1999). Segregation and recycling applies to these wastes. Special wastes on the other hand are classified into various categories and are not in any way classified for communal landfills. Infectious wastes are wastes from humans or animals which can potentially transmit infectious diseases to humans (WHO, 1999). These wastes include those which are discarded from equipment during diagnosis, treatment, and prevention stage of the disea ses or the assessment of the patient during which contact with blood, tissues, saliva and other patient derivatives may have been seen. Such wastes include: cultures and stocks, tissues, dressings, swabs, items soaked in blood, syringe needles, scalpels, diapers, blood bags, and similar items (WHO, 1999). All sharps regardless of usage by infected patient or not, is considered under infectious wastes. Other

Reasons for Abolishing the Trade Embargo with Cuba Essay Example for Free

Reasons for Abolishing the Trade Embargo with Cuba Essay Cuban and U.S. relations have been on the rocks for the last 50 odd years. What follows is some background information on what has caused the rift between the two countries. It is a brief history of the American backed Batista that allowed U.S. interests to flourish in Cuba, juxtaposed against the rebel leader Castro that came afterward and the lasting effects that that has had with the relationship between Cuba and the United States and the resulting embargo that sprung from the wake. After the brief history, there is a dissection of the problems and consequences that this embargo has had on the U.S. and policy suggestion to help mitigate and repair relations. Background Cuba became an independent state in 1902. From that time until 1956, with the communist revolution, Cuba has seen countless vies for power through revolution and seen other conflicts as well. For the purposes of this paper, however, focus will remain on Fulgencio Batista, his ties with the U.S.A., and Fidel Castro after that fact. Fulgencio Batista’s rule in Cuba is a sordid one. He was first elected as President of Cuba in 1933. During this period he can be seen in a generally good light, having an efficient government that instituted such legislation as the 1940 Constitution of Cuba. He left to the United States after retiring in 1944, and from that time until 1 952 Cuba descended into corruption. He returned to power from 1952-1959, which was a bloodless coup d’à ©tat, deposing the current President in what was seen as a welcome change. This time around he would be seen as a dictator himself, revoking the Constitution and embezzling large sums of money . The United States backed Batista’s rule, and recognized him as the leader. With regards to the U.S.’s economic interests in Cuba at the time, Kennedy said this: â€Å"In a manner certain to antagonize the Cuban people, we used the influence of our Government to advance the interests of and increase the profits of the private American companies, which dominated the islands economy. At the beginning of 1959 United States companies owned about 40 percent of the Cuban sugar lands almost all the cattle ranches 90 percent of the mines and mineral concessions 80 percent of the utilities and practically all the oil industry and supplied two-thirds of Cubas imports.† This shows how heavily invested in the economy of Cuba the United States were at the time. The sheer amount of American ownership, coupled with the disparity in income between classes in Cuba, goes to show where the feelings of corruption came from, which set the stage for Fidel Castro’s revolution in 1959. Since the American backed former Cuban government had been overthrown with Fidel now in charge, it would stand to reason that the United States didn’t back the new Cuban regime, and with Fidel pushing most of the blame of Cuban problems on United State’s shoulders, he wasn’t too fond of the United States government. He nationalized all of Cuba’s industries, and started implementing a Communist regime in place of the former corrupt Capitalist system. Russia ever looking for an edge on American, during the Cold War, swooped in with aid and support, and in return asked for their allegiance, and to place Russian missile bases on Cuban soil. America not wishing to see Russian military a mere 90 miles away, stepped in to blockade Cuba, resulting in the well known â€Å"Cuban Missile Crisis†. The missile crisis resulted in a trade embargo against the Cuban nation, and more importantly against the Castro administration. This didn’t affect Cuba much at the time, as they were receiving aid from the Soviets, but after the Soviet Union fell in the 1990’s that aid stopped coming. The American embargo stayed, however, resulting in a hole, where goods normally would be, but no longer were coming. Cubans called this period in time â€Å"perà ­odo econà ³mico especial† or the special economic period . As of late, the U.S.A. has loosened the embargo a bit, allowing travel there for people with Cuban family, but Cuba remains the only country that the American government forbids its citizens to visit. Statement of Problem The embargo on Cuba is a relic of the Cold War and it’s time to put it behind us. It’s unpopular among American citizens, and detrimental to Cuban citizens. There’s a huge untapped market for American goods there that could be a nice injection into the American economy. The resulting influx money might seek to raise Cuba’s middle class, and in turn undermine Castro. The lack of a democracy and human rights violations are a valid concern, but it is hypocritical to do business with some communist regimes, and human rights violators, and not others. Russia, China, and Venezuela are all important partners in trade for the United States of America; they are also violating many human rights. We imported $34.6 billion worth of goods from Russia, $310.9 billion from China, and $28.9 billion from Venezuela all in 2011 alone . To name one instance that happened in Russia: â€Å"in June 2011 Baskhanov helped organize a small, peaceful, anti-torture rally in Grozny, the Chechen capital. Police dispersed the demonstration, detained Baskhanov and his colleague, and threatened them with reprisals if they persevered in efforts to hold police accountable.† This represents a blatant disregard of freedom to assemble, which is in the U.S.’s first amendment. China represses the internet for its people, not to mention the atrocities done to the Tibetans. It is arguably the worst modern state in regards to human rights. Venezuela is perhaps the best comparison to the situation in Cuba, however. Hugo Chavez, leader of Venezuela, is a critic of the capitalist system, and an advocate of communism. He nationalized industry similar to Castro. He puts down sedition the same way, and their violations of human rights are much the same, but yet we trade with Venezuela. The only substantive difference is that Hugo Chavez had the fortune of taking power after the fall of the Soviet Union. Since we have already set a precedence of trading with non-democratic governments, we can look to the benefit of opening up trade with Cuba. The United States is in the throes of a recession and should be constantly on the lookout for new markets for their products. A 2009 study found that doing away with all restrictions dealing with the export of agricultural goods would have resulted in a gain of $26-$74 million in dairy products alone . Plus the irony of a capitalist country selling goods to a communist country has to be worth something. Losing the embargo because you trade with other communist nations, and because you can earn lots of money might appeal to the realists out there, but it would look abhorrent to any idealists. Undercutting human rights to make a quick buck can seem pretty sleazy. For those people it is worth noting that the U.N. has voted on ending the embargo for 21 straight years , with the United States and Israel the only naysayers. Policy Recommendation In order to foster trade with Cuba it would be important to repeal all past policies that inhibit the ability for U.S. trade, which would in effect eliminate the embargo all together. To protect American interests in the area, and back at home, we would need to implement new policy that focuses on the protection of U.S. companies seeking trade with Cuba, and a repair of our relations over there. There will need to be mediation from outside sources, perhaps the U.N. could step in, that way both parties would be getting the best of possible outcome. The policies that would need to be repealed, for example, would be the Cuban Democracy Act and the Helms-Burton Act. The Cuban Democracy Act reinforced sanctions brought up from the original embargo, stating that the U.S. would continue the embargo as a way to force the adoption of democratic principles onto Cuba. This obviously hasn’t been working, as Fidel and Raul Castro have been in power since 1959. It comes off as an excuse to retain the embargo on ideological levels in light of almost no support on the global level. Both these acts reinforce the embargo and were signed in the 1990’s. They come off as a power play, in that for trade to resume between the two countries, Cuba would have to concede its current government in favor of a democratically elected one, which is pretty unrealistic as long Castro is alive. To concede the decision to the U.N. would put good faith in global politics, and would influence other countries to do the same with interstate conflicts. It would help mend the negative light that other countries look at us in, and we might be able to leverage putting such a decision in their hands for good faith in other dealings. Especially with such underwhelming support from the global community for the embargo over the past 20 years it would help us appear humble and avoid the warmongering persona many countries see us to have. To continue with the economic discussion, when Cuba nationalized all of its industry throughout the 60’s American business men that had been operating in the area lost all of the capital that they held on the island. These holdings are estimated at a worth of over $6 billion . These holdings are in the hands of American citizens, not necessarily the U.S. government. It would be wise to recoup as much of that as possible, and if the Cuban government has an interest in trading with Americans it is somewhat feasible that a recoupment would be possible, if not for that amount, at least a portion of it. If the Cubans refused that payment pressure from the U.N. could help persuade them to do so. If the U.N. deemed the acquisition of those funds superfluous, it would then be in our best interest to agree. There’s definitely an argument against them owing us that money as we owned the majority of their economy in a corrupt system, also it having happened over 50 years ago (1/5 of the time the U.S.A. has been a country, for a frame of reference). It’s obvious you can’t just change policy like this overnight, as there are some issues that need to be ironed out at levels that aren’t just about economics and trade. We retain four Cuban nationals under charges of spying, and Cuba is holding American Alan Gross. With America’s â€Å"don’t negotiate with terrorists† attitude it’s not surprising we haven’t allowed the trading of prisoners with a country that we have sanctions against but it would be in both countries interest to allow the trade. It comes off as petty to not allow Alan Gross back into the country in exchange for some Cuban nationals. By allowing the exchange of prisoners it would be a show of good faith by both countries. Conclusion Looking at the problem objectively, it can be seen that the embargo has sprung up from the United States worry at a communist regime so close to its own borders, which was justified at the time in the throes of the Cold War and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Although Cuba hasn’t been much a friend in the past, the embargo is an overall detriment for everyone involved and doesn’t even succeed at what it, in theory, sets out to do. It has no support on the national level, and even less support on the global scale. Furthermore it doesn’t make fiscal sense to exclude potential markets whilst in the middle of a recession. A policy that helps foster peace and economic gain for so little loss could easily be implemented benefitting all involved. It’s an anachronism from a time long past, and a hegemonic power such as the U.S. should never foster animosity between countries that are so close to their borders, that is what is the most prevalent danger: having such an enemy not 90 miles away from American coastlines. Works Cited Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Fulgencio Batista . http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/56027/Fulgencio-Batista (accessed December 05, 2012). Human Rights Watch. World Report 2011. 2011. http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2011/ (accessed December 5, 2012). Kennedy, John. Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy at Democratic Dinner, Cincinnati, Ohio (October 6, 1960). Poblete, Jason. U.S. Claims Against Cuba, Buyer Beware. August 4, 2008. http://jasonpoblete.com/2008/08/04/us-claims-against-cuba-buyer-beware/ (accessed December 6, 2012). United Nations General Assembly. November 13, 2012. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/ga11311.doc.htm (accessed December 05, 2012). United States Census. U.S. Trade in Goods by Country. 2011. http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/ (accessed December 05, 2012). Wood, Roberta. Senators confident on votes to lift Cuba travel ban. July 14, 2010. http://www.peoplesworld.org/senators-confident-on-votes-to-lift-cuba-travel-ban/ (accessed December 05, 2012).

The History Of Manufactured Bicycles Economics Essay

The History Of Manufactured Bicycles Economics Essay Brompton Bicycle is a  bicycle  manufacturer based in  Brentford,  London, in the  United Kingdom and largest volume bicycle manufacturer in Britain by Andrew Ritchie in 1976. Models are named using a code containing two letters either side of a number to describe the handle bar type, number of gears and factory attached fixtures. An optional suffix is appended to show the inclusion of titanium upgrades. In Britain the clubs membership is changing, with 35-40% of Brompton customers now women. The average riders age has also dropped below 40. Its getting profit in uk . Brompton Bicycle is a  British  company that specialises in  folding bicycles, commonly known as Bromptons. Bromptons are popular among  bicycle commuters, especially in the UK, the  Netherlands, and  Japan. Fast and compact folding is seen as the Bromptons key competitive advantage. The Brompton design has remained fundamentally unchanged over three decades, although it has been steadily refined. The Brompton was conceived as a product that increases peoples  independence  and  freedom,  means peple can use this cycle wherever they can use. Approximately 22,000 bicycles are produced by the company each year of which 70 percent are exported to asia and Europe. The compact dimensions of most folding bikes allow easy transport in public transport where travelling with a normal bike can be difficult or forbidden. We can this cycle in different style handlebar like c type handlebar, m type handlebar, s type handlebar and p type handlebar. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brompton_Bicycle PEST ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLE: Political factor: The number of people cycling on Londons major roads has nearly doubled since 2000 and Transport for London (TfL) is targeting a 5% mode share for cycling by 2025. South West Trains, part of Stagecoach Group, has joined forces with Brompton Bicycle in a bid to encourage passengers to cycle as part of a fully integrated low carbon journey combining bike and train. Every one like this bikes because it is efficient to ride but can be quickly folded into a package smaller than an average suitcase, so people can take wherever they like. Economic factor: Though exports account for around 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its   bikes in the UK. Its getting profit here. Social factor: Brompton bike got a award, Mr Ritchie, who was awarded the prize that recognizes a lifetime contribution to design, has spent 21 years perfecting the Brompton, which is manufactured in Britain and sells around the world. At a reception celebrating 50 years of British design genius at Buckingham Palace. Technological factor: When transporting a Brompton Bicycle, for instance by Plane, Train, Car or boat it would be beneficial to have a protective case-like product that would protect from typical transit damage and be used to store the bike in any of its likely environments. There is a need for such a protective case to also double as a fully functional bike trailer that will attach to the rear of the bike and be used to transport light to moderate loads. -http://www.stagecoachgroup.com SWOT ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLE: strength: Brompton bicycle is Generally  travel free  and without booking restrictions on rail, bus, underground, ferry or air services. Its that freedom to travel anywhere with your bike that gives folding bikes a magic quality. A folding bike can open up entirely new ways of travelling. Its have many colour with extra tall frame to fit tall riders. From 1976, Brompton was in business, although growth was infuriatingly slow. Today, the Brompton Bicycle Ltd turns out 100 precision-crafted bikes a day from its cosy, familial factory in Kew. It sells them in 27 international markets, as well as servicing the needs of the 200,000 passionately dedicated Brompton users already on the road. Bromptons have been ridden from  London  to  Cape Town  and around the  South Pole, but theyre at their most perfectly useful in an urban environment. Brompton is the last major manufacturer making bikes in London a true, two-wheeled, capital success story. It has succeeded, according to managing director Will Butler-Adams, by focusing on its roots. Brompton remains in London because the business is the staff and the staff are here. They make something fashionable. People like the Brompton because its fun and it fits into their lives. In London, the bike is moving from being an issue of personal choice to being a corporate and political city solution. On the corporate side, Brompton already leases a fleet of bikes to South West Trains at Waterloo, and Mr Butler-Adams has plans to provide package deals including bikes, training, storage and insurance to other companies. Bromptons nearby neighbour in west London. The British Design Council, which annually awards the prize for the respective designers lifetime achievement, argued that the foldable Brompton bike manufactured by the engineer in the UK and sold throughout the world won for its lightness, portability, smoothness of ride, and the sense of freedom it bestows. Brompton Bicycle should produce 25,000 bikes this year, achieving sales of  £7m-  £8m, and Ritchie expects it to grow 25% a year under the leadership of managing director Butler-Adams. Exports to markets such as the Netherlands, America, Germany, Japan and Scandinavia account for about 60% of its sales. weakness : All seat pillars are available in both steel and aluminium versions. With the standard seat pillar, the Brompton and Brooks saddles can be up to 995mm from the ground. If your inside leg is more than 33/84cm, you will almost certainly need either of the longer seat pillars; the telescopic pillar is suitable for an inside leg of more than 35/89cm, or for a taller rider wishing to minimise the height of the folded bike. So for the shorter people it can be difficult for ride. Its not adjustable as other bigger cycle.The merits and drawbacks of small and large wheels alike can be argued into the late hours. Opportunities: The Brompton is the only bike in the world to combine such ready portability with a first-class ride, and it creates countless new opportunities for using a bicycle. Malcolm Shepherd, Chief Executive of Sustrans said: Cycling England has  been a crucial conduit for funding which has touched the lives of millions of people by making it possible for people to cycle for everyday journeys. And Brompton bikes are suitable for the every journey. Here are so many bike company competitor for the Brompton bikes. Alldays Onions, Bickerton- folding bikes. Boardman bikes, british eagle, claud bulter, dawes, etc.. bicycles are here. Like Brompton bickerton is also a folding cycle. It can be a main competitor. The  Bickerton, also called the  Bickerton Portable, was a portable, aluminium  folding bicycle  designed by Harry Bickerton and manufactured in the UK between 1971 and 1991. The bicycle was entirely made of aluminium profiles. Its riding properties were poor, partly as the aluminium parts could never be properly locked in place. In its weight and folded package size it broke new ground  and it is cited by  Andrew Ritchie  as one of his inspirations in creating the highly successful  Brompton bicycle. So the Brompton is better than any cycle thats why70% Brompton bike are exporting to asia and Europe. Threats: The iconic UK folding bike maker Brompton is a curious company.   Though exports account for around 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its   bikes in the UK. Brompton bicycles many parts are custom made which may bring delays and extra costs for repairs from other than authorized dealers. The bike may be less suited to long rides as most models have restricted gears. Brompton manufacture the basic frame in one size only. Riders requiring a bottom bracket to saddle top height of more than 715mm/28 can select an extended seat post to give a maximum saddle height of 775mm/30.5 . There is also a telescopic seat post option which gives greater height still and does not compromise the size of the folded package, although it adds substantial weight. -http://www.bikesandtrailers.com/folding-bikes/brompton.html Before doing any business first we have to do pest analysis in that country which is following PEST ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESH: Political environment Bangladesh is a densely populated and poor nation in South Asia. Bangladesh gained its independence in 1971, following Indias intervention in a rebellion against West Pakistan .In the years since independence, Bangladesh has established a reputation as a largely moderate and democratic majority Muslim country. The Bangladesh National Party and the Awami League traditionally have dominated Bangladeshi politics, with the AL in government since January 2009. Bangladesh was ruled by a military-backed caretaker government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed for approximately two years prior to the return to democracy that was ushered in by the December 2008 election. The current Hasina government came to power in free and fair elections with an overwhelming majority in parliament. Economic environment The  economy of  Bangladesh  is constituted by that of a  developing country.Its  per capita income  in 2008 was est. US$1,500. According to the  International Monetary Fund, Bangladesh ranked as the  48th largest economy  in the world in 2009, with a gross domestic product of US$256 billion. The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% p.a. over the past few years. Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture.  Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance Social environment Roughly 80% of its population lives on less than $2 a day. Its population is largely Muslim and its geography is dominated by its low-lying riparian aspect. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in  Chittagongand  Sylhet  are particularly distinctive. In 2009 the population was estimated at 156 million. Religiously, about 90% of Bangladeshis are  Muslims  and the remainder are mostly  Hindus. Technological environment The  Bangladesh  Space Research and Remote Sensing Organisation operates remote sensing facilities using both French and American satellites and applying meteorological and geographic data to such basic problems as water management, soil fertility, forecasting, and agricultural census work. In 1986 it became the first non-American organization ever to receive an award for excellence from the  United States  National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which provided training for Bangladeshi scientists and grants of equipment and technical assistance. The  Bangladesh  Atomic Energy Commission operates an experimental nuclear reactor and also conducts important agricultural research on seeds, parasites, storage of harvested crops, and irradiation. http://www.traderscity.com/board/countrytargetedleads/Bangladesh.html PEST ANALYSIS OF INDIA: Political environment After Indias independence on August 15, 1947, India received most of the subcontinents 562 widely scattered polities, or princely states, as well as the majority of the British provinces, and parts of three of the remaining provinces. Muslim Pakistan received the remainder. Pakistan consisted of a western wing, with the approximate boundaries of modern Pakistan, and an eastern wing, with the boundaries of present-day Bangladesh. India is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary form of Government. The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th November 1950. India exported US$21.8 billion worth of merchandise to the United States in 2006, up 16.1% from 2005 and up 84.7% in just 4 years.Indian imports from the U.S. rose 26.3% to $10.1 billion in 2006, up 146% since 2002. Economic environment The  economy of India  is the  eleventh largest  economy in the world by  nominal GDP  and the  fourth largest  by  purchasing power parity. Following strong economic reforms from the socialist inspired  economy  of a post-independence Indian nation, the country began to develop a fast-paced economic growth, as  free market  principles were initiated in 1990 for international competition and foreign investmenIndias  per capita income  is $1,030, ranked  139th  in the world,  while its per capita (PPP) of US$2,940 is ranked  128th. Indias large service industry accounts for 55% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) while the industrial and agricultural sector contribute 28% and 17% respectively. Social environment Current Population of India in 2010 is around 1,150,000,000 (1.15 billion) people. Hinduism  accounted for 80.5% of the  population of India.  Islam  (13.5%),  Christianity  (3.0%) and  Sikhism  (2.3%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. There are 29 language in india. Technological environment The Indian  software industry has grown from a mere US $ 150 million in 1991-92 to a staggering US $ 5.7 billion in 1999-2000.  Ã‚  No other Indian industry has performed so well against the global competition .The annual growth rate of Indias software exports has been consistently over 50 percent since 1991.   Indias software exports would be around $ 6.3 billion, in addition to $ 2.5 billion in domestic sale. -http://www.stylusinc.com/business/india/business_india.htm PEST ANALYSIS OF NEPAL With thousands of readers from over fifty countries visiting the Nepal Home Page every week, it is an excellent platform to promote your Nepal related businesses. political environment An isolated, agrarian society until the mid-20th century,  Nepal  entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. Import and export  is encouraged by the government in order to promote good business and encourage growth which will hopefully result in a higher employment rate, higher salaries and a better standard of living for all in time The export-oriented carpet and garment industries have grown rapidly in recent years and together now account for approximately 70% of merchandise exports. Nepals merchandise trade balance has improved somewhat since 2000 with the growth of the carpet and garment industries. Economic environment Agriculture  remains Nepals principal economic activity, employing 80% of the population and providing 37% of  GDP. Only about 20% of the total area is cultivable; another 33% is forested; most of the rest is mountainous. Rice and wheat are the main food crops. The lowland Terai region produces an agricultural surplus, part of which supplies the food-deficient hill areas. Social environment Nepals current population is 28,563,377. According to the 2001 census, 80.6 percent of Nepalese are Hindu, 10.7 percent are  Buddhist, 4.4% are  Muslim[1], 3.6 percent are  Kirat  (an indigenous religion with Hindu influence), 0.5 percent are  Christian, and 0.4 percent are classified as other groups such as  Bà ¶n  religion. Technological environment Nepal has been a late starter in modem science and technology. In pursuance of self- reliance, it developed technological capabilities in some specific areas such as agriculture, civil engineering, architecture, metallurgy, water management, medicine, textile and paper manufacture, dyeing and food technology. by (http://www.visitnepal.com/business) PESTEL ANALYSIS IN SRI LANKA POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT Socialistic predilection in Sri Lanka was unswerving, but as time passed by it gave room for investment overseas in 1978. Board of Investment operates as a sovereign legal bureau with investment in foreign countries as a focus. BOI is authorized to yield grants to organizations that meet the basic eligibility standards on minimal investment, employment and exports. When the organization fails to meet the standards then its projects have to be sanctioned by the respective departments of the government. BOI also deals with the 10 zones of free trade, which is known as the export-processing zones. BOI possess the authorization to relieve any confinements on the FDI Eleven huge privatizations were accounted for 34% of the FDI. Nevertheless due to the instable political conditions and conflicting ethnicity the advancement on this issue is been decelerate for years. The president sketched out regarding anti-privatization economical scheme in his electoral pronunciamento known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Mahinda Chintanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. Various enterprises of the state which designing itself to be privatized were not approved, this includes the airports and banks. Privatize. Organization was planned to be regulated by the government which will turn the loss into a profit-making organization. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Sound rates of growth has been steady in Sri Lanka despite if its intense violence on ethnicity. Rich private demand of requirements, core industrialization, primarily the intensive labour textile industry and the advancement of domestic tea manufacturing hiked the growth rate of the economy. The well-disposed FDI policy of the government ensued the zooming inflows of capital. The deceleration in the global issues activated an acute condensation in the activities of the economy in the year 2001. Subsequently there was a recuperation in the sectors of the industries that is impelled by a firm external demand and an increased growth rates in the sectors relating to service resulted in a sizeable enlargement of economical activities though the tsunami that hit the sectors of agriculture was critically damaged. Deficits in the fiscal aspects are an important issue to the government, which has been diminishing in the years past. The current fiscal obligates to cut back deficits. There are many industries that imparts in great value to the GDP that engages greater population of the manpower, this comprises of the industry in tourism, and the service industries. When taking industries into consideration, it is the textile industry that yields greater sum of revenues in export. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Sri Lanka holds a populace of 20,238,000, of which Sinhalese constitutes about 74%, Sri Lankan Moors constitutes about 7.2%, Sri Lankan Tamils constitutes about 3.9% and the Indian Tamils constitutes about 4.6%. When religions are taken into consideration the Buddhists comprise a major share of 69.1%. Sri Lanka is prominently a rustic area that holds 79% of the population. The populace medial age is 30 and 7.8% constitute for an age group of 65 and over. The health index of Sri Lanka is fairly good when compared to other countries in Asia. The government has an expenditure of 46.3% from the 4% of the aggregate GDP for medical expenses of the country. The expected life span is 73.4yrs of the aggregate populace. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The telecom sphere was improved to an incredible extent in terms of liberalizing right in the 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s. Act of Sri Lankan Telecommunication of 1991 founded the Sri Lanka telecom also known as the SLT, it awarded the permit to function in the global system. -http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/srilanka.html After analyzing the market we have found out that there is huge market opportunity in Sri Lanka to sell folding bikes. Due to low price there are more chances that Brompton folding bikes can become the market leader successfully after some time because of many reasons such as low cost, already operation exist in Sri Lanka and due to climate condition. If we talk about local competition, it is very less. The local players get the help by the government also where the government has distributed a project to provide good cycle facility supply to those households. Im a manager of this product and i want to make profit thats why Im going to launch this product in south asia. I will launch this product in sri lanka and will export in 3 other countries, they are Bangladesh, india and Nepal. It will be better to launch this product in south asia because there labour cost will be low and we can sell this cycles in low cost. Brompton bicycles cost in uk is  £600 and over. Here, labour cost is expensive than south asia so we cant export from here. In south asia there is a scope for this product. There is a great number of people who are using bicycle but they arent like Brompton they cant fold, they are difficult for their journey. so it will be a new kind of cycle in south asia. I can make a profit. It will be cheaper so most of the people will buy it. I can make a market over there. Here are different types to entering new market they are: Export Joint venture FDI Strategic alliances Among these methods im going to use joint venture method because it will be better for my profit if i will export from here it will cost expensive. First i will go sri lanka and will talk in srilankan embassy, i will choose one cycle company as my partner over there and i will do good business over there and will make profit. 4PS ABOUT THE PRODUCT: Product: my product is folding bicycle. Price: labour cost will be low so per cycle it will cost  £90. Place: i will open my company in Colombo kingdom of sri lanka because there i can gget more facility than other place. Promotion: The literacy rate is 92% in Sri Lanka which is considered as a good rate. To sell the Brompton folding bikes every company more emphasizes on direct marketing such as event or trade show and personal selling. We will give this news first all over in sri lanka later 3 other countries by tv news and international news paper. MARKETING PLAN: Our product have made plan for Brompton folding bicycle for next five yrs. To increase our sale and profit we will spend half of our advertisement budget on personal selling because by this only we can aware consumers about our products and persuade consumers to buy the products. PRODUCTION CAPACITY: During the first year, product will be imported to Sri Lanka And later the demand of the product goes 3 other countries to have a manufacturing Unit can also be considered. This will result in better pricing of the product will result in more sales and Profits. BUDGET: Selling expenses: Staff salaries, Sales support and distribution staff expenses are included. The total expenditure is  £ 1210000.00 Sales and advertisement: For radio advertisement = £5000 Newspaper/magazine = £6000 Tv ad = £25000 Sales promotion = £250000 including customer awareness program Customer oriented = £200000 Trade oriented = £750000 Support line = £600000